[推荐]五戒表解

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<  align=center>忏云法师编<p></p></P>
<  align=center> <p></p></P>
<  align=center><a href="http://bookgb.bfnn.org/books2/1029.htm#a01" target="_blank" >杀戒</A><p></p></P>
<  align=center><a href="http://bookgb.bfnn.org/books2/1029.htm#a02" target="_blank" >盗戒</A><p></p></P>
<  align=center><a href="http://bookgb.bfnn.org/books2/1029.htm#a03" target="_blank" >淫戒</A><p></p></P>
<  align=center><a href="http://bookgb.bfnn.org/books2/1029.htm#a04" target="_blank" >妄语戒</A><p></p></P>
<  align=center><a href="http://bookgb.bfnn.org/books2/1029.htm#a05" target="_blank" >酒戒</A><p></p></P>
<  align=center> <p></p></P>
< >杀戒<p></p></P>
<> <p></p></P>
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<P  align=center>释名<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>断命曰杀，有情曰生。断有情命，是曰杀生。堕胎胎儿死犯杀戒。自杀亦犯杀戒，与杀人罪同。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>制意<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、由杀害生命，罪业深重，不堪入道。<p></p></P>
<P>二、杀害众生，违背大悲心故。<p></p></P>
<P>三、背恩养故，众生皆我过去生中父母故。<p></p></P>
<P>四、伤善缘故。后生结冤，不相度故。<p></p></P>
<P>五、悉具佛性，应敬不轻，岂可杀害。<p></p></P>
<P>六、违背菩萨无畏施故。<p></p></P>
<P>七、乖四摄行故。以杀害众生则不得摄化故。<p></p></P>
<P>八、杀生夺命，超过盗其所有一切极多极贵之珍宝钱财故。<p></p></P>
<P>九、依众生故，乃得成佛，杀生何依。<p></p></P>
<P>十、三世诸佛法尔不杀生故。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>次第<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、人道应具恻隐之心，菩萨万行，以大悲为本，为存人道及万行之本，先需戒杀。<p></p></P>
<P>二、有情所重，莫过性命，为救物命，先制杀戒。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>具缘<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>具五缘成犯。<p></p></P>
<P >一、  是众生。<p></p></P>
<P >二、  众生想。<p></p></P>
<P >三、  起杀心。<p></p></P>
<P>四、兴方便。<p></p></P>
<P>五、命断。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>轻重<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>有逆罪、重罪、轻罪之分：<BR>一、杀父母、和尚、阿阇黎、阿罗汉为逆罪。<p></p></P>
<P>二、杀人为重罪。<p></p></P>
<P>三、杀畜生为轻罪。<p></p></P>
<P>又就<BR>一、能杀心（痴重、嗔贪次之。）<BR>二、所杀生。<p></p></P>
<P>三、所用杀法。<p></p></P>
<P>罪报轻重不同。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>开遮<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>开缘有三：<p></p></P>
<P>一、为救多数之人。<p></p></P>
<P>二、为救三乘圣贤，以慈悲心杀害凶徒，宁自犯戒堕入地狱，而不令此恶人犯五逆罪。<p></p></P>
<P>三、狂乱心（即严重之精神病）见火而捉如金无异，见粪而捉，如栴檀无异，乃名为狂。较此轻者仍为非狂，犯戒则得重罪。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>果〈犯〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>杀生<p></p></P>
<P>一、堕三恶道。<p></p></P>
<P>二、若生人中，多病短命。<p></p></P>
<P>三、所感外物，皆少光泽，不久住故。<p></p></P>
<P>四、心常怀毒，世世不绝。<p></p></P>
<P>五、心怀恐怖。<p></p></P>
<P>六、恶梦。<p></p></P>
<P>七、众生憎恶。<p></p></P>
<P>八、命终之时，狂怖恶死。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>果〈持〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>戒杀<p></p></P>
<P>一、戒杀即维修无畏施。<p></p></P>
<P>二、慈心增上，烦恼减少。<p></p></P>
<P>三、断灭嗔心，蠲除热恼。<p></p></P>
<P>四、少病、长命。<p></p></P>
<P>五、众生亲近，鬼神守护。<p></p></P>
<P>六、常无恶梦，寝觉快乐。<p></p></P>
<P>七、解除怨结，广结善缘。<p></p></P>
<P>八、无恶道怖，命终生天。<p></p></P>
<P>九、于未来世，富贵自在。<p></p></P>
<P>十、受持五戒，若念佛发愿，则必往生净土。<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<P> <p></p></P>
<P >盗戒<p></p></P>
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<P  align=center>释名<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>不与而取他物，名之为盗。<p></p></P>
<P>类分多种：<p></p></P>
<P>一、偷取<p></p></P>
<P>二、劫取<p></p></P>
<P>三、骗取<p></p></P>
<P>四、胁取<p></p></P>
<P>五、讹赖取<p></p></P>
<P>六、抵谩取<p></p></P>
<P>赌博、偷税皆犯盗戒。印刷品邮件附信，亦犯盗戒。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>制意<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、业道重故。谓犯偷盗重罪，岂堪入道。<p></p></P>
<P>二、犯国法故。古今各国无不禁盗。人天大小乘戒悉制为重。<p></p></P>
<P>三、被盗之人，焦虑忧恼，或致失命。<p></p></P>
<P>四、违六度背四摄。以彼法先令布施，以度摄众生。今则反盗众生财物，违背彼法故。<p></p></P>
<P>五、坏人信心，破灭佛法故。<p></p></P>
<P>（五戒悉同）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>次第<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、约十善业及十恶业，皆先杀次盗。<p></p></P>
<P>二、杀盗二罪，先害正报，次损依报。反之断恶修善，则应先不害正报，次不损依报。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>具缘<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、有主物<p></p></P>
<P>二、有主物想<p></p></P>
<P>三、有盗心<p></p></P>
<P>四、是重物（值银八分以上）<p></p></P>
<P>五、兴方便<p></p></P>
<P>六、举离本处<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>轻重<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>有极重、重、轻之别：<p></p></P>
<P>一、盗十方僧物，现前僧物者，其罪重于杀八万四千父母及五逆罪。<p></p></P>
<P>二、盗三宝物，师长、父母、发菩提心人之物罪重。盗国营公有财物者罪重。盗物值八分银者犯重罪。<p></p></P>
<P>三、八分银以下中罪、轻罪。<p></p></P>
<P>又就被盗之人苦恼多少，罪分轻重。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>开遮<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>开缘有五：<p></p></P>
<P>一、与想（以为人已与己也）<p></p></P>
<P>二、己有想<p></p></P>
<P>三、粪扫想（极贱之物）<p></p></P>
<P>四、暂用想<p></p></P>
<P>五、亲厚想<p></p></P>
<P>菩萨见恶官盗贼，夺他财物，以慈悲心，<p></p></P>
<P>随力所能，罚治夺取，还所有主，不犯。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>果〈犯〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>偷盗<p></p></P>
<P>一、堕三恶道<p></p></P>
<P>二、若生人中，贫穷下贱，或多资财，而不得自在使用。<p></p></P>
<P>三、苗稼房屋，遭水火霜雹等灾。<p></p></P>
<P>四、他人失物，于己生疑。<p></p></P>
<P>五、身常受苦，心怀忧恼。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P  align=center>果〈持〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>戒盗<p></p></P>
<P>一、资财盈积，而不散失。<p></p></P>
<P>二、多人爱念，信任不疑。<p></p></P>
<P>三、善名流布，十方赞叹。<p></p></P>
<P>四、处众无畏，人不敢欺。<p></p></P>
<P>五、身心安乐，命终生天。<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P> <p></p></P>

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< inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">淫戒<p></p></P>
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< center\" align=center>释名<p></p></P></TD>
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<>染情逸荡，污秽交遘，名不净行。与己妻之外一切男女，犯不净行，是名邪淫。受五戒居士应严戒之，又居士若自发心，亦可戒正淫，名梵行优婆塞（期间久暂，随自发心）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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< center\" align=center>制意<p></p></P></TD>
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<>一、淫欲能系缚众生，不令解脱。令众生造种种业，受生死苦。为众恶之源，生死之本。<p></p></P>
<>二、损自德行故，染心看者，越毗尼罪，何况身犯。<p></p></P>
<>三、业道重故，若犯邪淫，不堪入道。<p></p></P>
<>四、乱静心故。谓欲火喧心，令失正念正定，不得涅槃，障正菩提。<p></p></P>
<>五、入魔网故。经云此淫欲者，是众魔境界。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>次第<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>菩萨利生，以戒杀为先，因杀生极为违背利生故。自利修行，以戒淫先，因淫念染污净心，障生定慧，引生众恶，受生死苦，极违背自利故。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>具缘<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、是众生。<p></p></P>
<P>二、是正境。<p></p></P>
<P>三、有染心。<p></p></P>
<P>四、起方便。<p></p></P>
<P>五、与境和。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>轻重<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>就心、境、数，罪报轻重不同：<p></p></P>
<P>甲就心，贪心罪重，嗔痴次之。<p></p></P>
<P>乙就境，与尊重之人，亲人犯淫，罪重。<p></p></P>
<P>丙就数：<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  暂犯即止<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  数犯乃断<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">三、  数犯数断<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">四、  犯而久续。<p></p></P>
<P>（前轻后重）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>开遮<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>开缘有三：<p></p></P>
<P>一、若睡眠无所知觉。<p></p></P>
<P>二、若不受乐。<p></p></P>
<P>三、无有淫意。<p></p></P>
<P>在家居士为化众生，心净如佛，可开方便。<p></p></P>
<P>受八关斋戒日或菩萨戒居士。于六斋日应戒正淫。<p></p></P>
<P>出家僧众唯遮无开。若犯手淫，或故意摩触，皆犯淫戒中轻罪。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈犯〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>邪淫<p></p></P>
<P>一、堕三恶道。<p></p></P>
<P>二、若生人中，妻不贞良。<p></p></P>
<P>三、眷属不得随意。<p></p></P>
<P>四、淫欲为因，生死为果。<p></p></P>
<P>生死者，包括三苦八苦，即自生至死，一切诸苦。以及死生生死，轮回之苦。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈持〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>戒淫<p></p></P>
<P>一、诸根调顺，永离喧调。易修禅定，得真实慧。<p></p></P>
<P>二、人天尊敬，诸方赞叹。<p></p></P>
<P>三、戒邪淫者，未来生中，父母、宗亲、妻子、眷属、孝有贞顺，纯洁无杂。<p></p></P>
<P>又离于女人无有过失，令诸众生，无复染爱。<p></p></P>
<P>四、戒正淫者，当来成佛，得马王阴藏相。（佛三十二相之一）<p></p></P>
<P>五、解脱生死，早证菩提</P></TD></TR></TABLE>

rqjrqj

< inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">妄语戒<p></p></P>
<> <p></p></P>
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< center\" align=center>释名<p></p></P></TD>
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<>心口相违，言不称实，欺诳他人，名曰妄语。亦摄恶口（骂詈）<p></p></P>
<>两舌（离间语）<p></p></P>
<>绮语（华美浮词，无义利语）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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< center\" align=center>制意<p></p></P></TD>
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<>一、业道重故。妄语之人，不堪入道。<p></p></P>
<>二、诳惑人故。回惑人心，恼害他人，欲造恶业，妄语在先。<p></p></P>
<>三、实语益故。言语正直，心地坦白，易得解脱。<p></p></P>
<P>四、鬼神弃故，诸天鬼神，舍弃不护。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>次第<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>前三为身业在先，此为语业在次。然语业易犯，且分四种，罪报亦重。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>具缘<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>一、是众生。<p></p></P>
<P>二、众生想。<p></p></P>
<P>三、起诳心。<p></p></P>
<P>四、覆实事。<p></p></P>
<P>五、言明了。<p></p></P>
<P>六、前人解。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>轻重<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>有逆罪、大妄语罪、小妄语罪之分：一、法说非法，非法说法，及破羯磨僧，破转法轮僧，为逆罪。<p></p></P>
<P>二、妄言证声闻菩萨果位，犯大妄语中重罪。<p></p></P>
<P>三、妄言见鬼见神，持戒清净，能习禅定，善通三藏，证世间四禅八定，犯大妄语中轻罪。以上三种，淆乱正信，害正法眼故为大妄语。<p></p></P>
<P>四、见言不见，不见言见。闻言不闻，不闻言闻。觉言不觉，不觉言觉。知言不知，不知言知。实有言无，无言实有。皆犯小妄语<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>开遮<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>大妄语开缘有三：<p></p></P>
<P>一、增上慢人。<p></p></P>
<P>二、若说果位不言自证。<p></p></P>
<P>三、若戏笑说，谎说。<p></p></P>
<P>小妄语开缘：为救护众生剧苦及性命，或为佛法而自无恶心。<p></p></P>
<P>绮语开缘有二：<p></p></P>
<P>一、为止息他人悲伤、忧愁、恼怒故。<p></p></P>
<P>二、为摄护他人令信佛法故。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈犯〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>妄语<p></p></P>
<P>一、堕三恶道。<p></p></P>
<P>二、多被诽谤。<p></p></P>
<P>三、为他所诳。<p></p></P>
<P>四、言无人受。<p></p></P>
<P>五、语不明了。<p></p></P>
<P>六、种不得果。<p></p></P>
<P>七、口气恶臭。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈持〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>戒妄<p></p></P>
<P>一、口常清净，如优钵罗香。<p></p></P>
<P>二、为诸世间之所信敬。<p></p></P>
<P>三、自心欢喜，人皆欣悦。<p></p></P>
<P>四、未来生处，恒闻如意音声。<p></p></P>
<P>五、增自威德，得无碍辩。<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P> <p></p></P>

rqjrqj

< inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">酒戒<p></p></P>
<> <p></p></P>
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< center\" align=center>释名<p></p></P></TD>
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<>俱酒色、酒香、酒味，饮之令人昏醉，放逸之饮料名酒，饮则犯戒。<p></p></P>
<>酒有二种：<p></p></P>
<>谷酒，用五谷所酿造者。<p></p></P>
<>木酒，用花、果、种、根、茎、叶或药草所酿造者<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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< center\" align=center>制意<p></p></P></TD>
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<>一、失礼仪。酒能令人迷醉，失礼貌威仪。<p></p></P>
<>二、破净戒。醉时能破一切戒品，堕落恶道。<p></p></P>
<P>三、失定慧。酒醉乱心，昏失明慧，令人痴迷。<p></p></P>
<P>四、损财利。使人消耗财物，损依报也。<p></p></P>
<P>五、增疾病。引生多种疾病，损正报也。<p></p></P>
<P>六、生灾祸。引生蹶仆倾跌、斗殴凶杀、车祸等事。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>次第<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>前四戒为性戒在先。<p></p></P>
<P>酒戒为遮在后。<p></p></P>
<P>但菩萨戒则酤酒重于饮酒，以损害众生，违背菩萨道故。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>具缘<p></p></P></TD>
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<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  是酒（酒色、酒香、酒味，饮之能醉人者。）<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  无重病因缘，饮则咽咽犯。（咽咽犯，即咽一口犯戒一次，按口咽计罪）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>轻重<p></p></P></TD>
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<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  自饮犯五戒中酒戒。<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  酤酒酿酒，犯菩萨戒，罪重。<p></p></P>
<P 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt\">南山律祖云：<p></p></P>
<P 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt\">饮酒、有人于下加辛肴者（五辛、葱、韭、蒜等）正文无此。然既受净戒，焉啖膻臭，理不可也。今按吸烟，亦应判为不可。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>开遮<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>开缘有二：<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  病时偏以诸药至之无效，非酒不愈，方始服之。<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  若以酒涂疮（即外科用药酒无犯）<p></p></P>
<P>麴，酒糟不应食。食中有料酒，食之不醉人者无犯。受酒戒者不得吸烟及食五辛。<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈犯〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>饮酒<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  死堕灌口地狱。（酿酒，踱酒河地狱。酤酒，堕酒池地狱。）<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  生于人中，愚狂，不信正法。（即不信因果性相谛理。）<p></p></P></TD></TR>
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<P center\" align=center>果〈持〉报<p></p></P></TD>
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<P>戒酒<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">一、  神智清明，恬静安宁。<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">二、  善持四重，不犯众罪。<p></p></P>
<P 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 21.0pt\">三、  来世生人天道中，不堕三涂。<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE>